Search results for " budgets"

Les commissions de quartier à l’heure de l’engagement écocitoyen, à Dijon : entre communication stratégique publique locale et construction d’un espa…

2018

This doctoral thesis in Information and Communication Science explores the question of eco-citizen commitment in the neighborhood commissions of Dijon. Many academic or more popular publications in different fields of research (Information and Communication Science, social and environmental psychology, political science, law, philosophy, ecology, etc.) have addressed this issue in recent years. Once the actors of the question had been defined (the inhabitants, elected officials, technicians, representatives of structures and associations, etc.), it was possible to study different instances of participatory democracy in Dijon. The following question ensued : "How are the neighborhood commiss…

Assessment of water budgets from NWP model analyses and reanalyses over West Africa

2010

International audience; Water budgets from ECMWF reanalysis ERA-Interim and NCEP reanalysis I and II are inter-compared and compared to GPS precipitable water and to a 6-yr so-called "hybrid" budget dataset composed of ALMIP (AMMA Land surface Model Intercomparison Project) offline simulations forced with TRMM precipitation data. Deficiencies are evidenced in the reanalyses which are the most pronounced over the Sahel. Results from operational models (ECMWF-IFS, NCEP-GFS, and ARPEGE-Tropiques) and the special ECMWF AMMA reanalysis confirm and help understand these findings. A bias (~1-2 mm day-1) in precipitation and evapotranspiration leads to an unrealistic view of West Africa as a moistu…

Sampling of Residential Water Use for Leak Control via Water Budgets

2009

La part des cotisations dans le budget des confédérations syndicales

2012

The paper analyses the budget of the seven French trade union confederations (CGT, CFDT, FO, CFTC, CGC, and USS UNSA). Since 2011, these organizations are obliged to publish their budgets according to the principle of transparency. The main purpose was to give the members' dues the higher weight in the total of the trade union budgets. Each organization has defined its reporting entity in terms of this issue. They did "derive" at the federal level the maximum members' contributions - even when these contributions were not intended to the federal level - and they housed most grants and subsidies in satellites outside their perimeter. Finally, the staffs made available, free of charge, to the…

THE EVOLUTION OF ADVERTISING MARKET WHERE IS ADVERTISING NOW, AND WHERE IS IT GOING?

2010

Advertising is more complicated than it used to be. In the innocent days of the 70’s and 80’s you could easily reach large audiences, both locally and nationally, through traditional advertising. Those days are long gone and an examination of the advertising playing field looks like a big pile of incomprehensible choice. In Romania, advertising has mushroomed over the past 10 years. With the emergence of large international companies and the budgets allocated to them in advertising, advertisers have appeared, only present in major cities of Romania. After 2000, there were several media institutions with very large budget and big plans for the advertising market in Romania. Are some media gr…

De participació local. Una proposta metodològica desde la investigació-acció-participativa

2018

Citizen participation is an increasingly prevalent term in our society. In the process of deployment in the municipal area, progressively local corporations make efforts to innovate practices and develop experiences of citizen participation in defining policies and public affairs, and allocating budgets. While innovation has been advanced with regard to the tools and mechanisms to be used to promote participation, many of the initiatives and experiences have focused more on the implementation of the vote than in the different social processes inherent in the participation. Moreover, we are faced with the absence of a methodological guide that allows approaching a project or strategic plan o…